History of uttrakhand (उत्तराखंड का इतिहास पौराणिक काल जितना पुराना है

Uttarakhand literally means northern part. In Skanda Purana, Garhwal region under Uttarakhand has been called Kedarkhand and Kumaon region has been called Manaskhand. 

4 Dhams of Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand is a holy pilgrimage site, but the four Dhams and five Prayags situated here have special significance and this is the reason why this Kedarkhand has been important since time immemorial. Probably, due to the abundance of forts in the hills of Kedarkhand region, the name Garhwal was coined around 1500 AD by adding the suffix 'Gardha' to the word. Pandit Harikrishna Raturi has mentioned 52 Thakuri Garhs in the history of Garhwal. Uttarakhand is also a mythological word which was used for the spread in the middle of the Himalayas. Presently it is also called "Devbhoomi" because there are innumerable Hindu pilgrimage sites here. Paurav, Kushan, Gupta, Katyuri, Raik, Pal, Chand, Parmar and Payal dynasties and the British ruled here in turn. 

Himalaya

According to British historians, castes like Huns, Sakas, Nag Khash etc. also lived in the Himalayan region. But in mythological texts there is extensive mention of this area by the name of Kedar Khand and Manas Khand. This area has been considered as the land of Gods and Tapobhoomi. The names Kurmanchal and Kumaon of Manas Khand became popular during the rule of Chand kings. The rule of a few kings over Kurmanchal started after the Katyuris and continued till 1790. In 1790, the Gorkha army of Nepal attacked Kumaon and brought the Kumaon state under its control. Gorkhas ruled Kumaon from 1790 to 1815. After being defeated for the last time by the British in 1815, the Gorkha army went back to Nepal, but the British did not give the rule of Kumaon to a few kings and put Kumaon under the East India Company. Thus the British rule over Kumaon started from 1815. 

 Tourist place of Uttarakhand
The British army finally defeated the Gorkha army of Nepal near Dehradun in 1815. But due to the inability of the then Maharaja of Garhwal to pay the stipulated amount of war expenditure, the British did not hand over the entire Garhwal state to Garhwal and included the part east of Alaknanda Mandakini under the rule of the East India Company and gave only Tehri to the Maharaja of Garhwal. The territory of the district (including present-day Uttarkashi) was returned. The then Maharaja Sudarshan Shah of Garhwal established his capital on 28 December 1815 at a place named Tehri, which was a small village at the confluence of Bhagirathi and Milangana. 

after a few years, his successor Maharaja Narendra Shah established his capital at a place named Odathali. But established a second capital named Narendra Nagar. From 1815, Dehradun and Pauri Garhwal (including present day Chamoli district and Augustmuni and Ukhimath development blocks of Rudra Prayag district) came under the British and Tehri Garhwa came under Maharaja Tehri.                                                     

Sequence of events from Gorkha rule to establishment of the state

•  The East India Company arrived in Uttarakhand in 1815. In fact, the arrival of the British here also marked the end of the 25-year feudal military rule of the Gorkhas.
• The period of Company rule here from 1815 to 1857 is generally known as a rule devoid of peace and dynamism. After coming under the control of the East India Company, this area came to be known as British Garhwal. In the absence of any strong opposition, the company convinced Prince Sudarshan Shah of undivided Garhwal by giving him half of Garhwal, but the successors of Chand rule could not achieve even this situation.
• Uttarakhand was under the rule of Henry Ramsay from 1856-1884 and this era was recognized as the period of strength of British power. During this time, Samay Vinod in 1868 and Almora newspaper in 1871 were started to present news according to the government. After the partition of Bengal in 1905, a protest meeting was held at a place called Nanda Devi in Almora. In the same year, youth like Hargovind Pant, Mukundilal, Govind Ballabh Pant, Badri Dutt Pandey etc. from Uttarakhand also participated in the Banaras session of Congress.
• In 1906, Hariram Tripathi translated Vande Mataram into Kumaoni, the very pronunciation of which was considered treason at that time. As a unit of the Indian Independence Movement, many representatives of Uttarakhand participated in the Congress session of 1913 during the freedom struggle in Uttarakhand. In the same year, the Tamta Sudharini Sabha, formed for the upliftment of the Scheduled Castes of Uttarakhand, was transformed into a comprehensive Craftsman Mahasabha.
• In the month of September 1916, Hargobind Pant, Gobind Ballabh Pant, Badri Dutt Pandey, Indralal Sah Mohan Singh, Dammwal Chandralal Sah Prem Ballabh Pandey, Bholadat Pandey, and Lakshmi Dutt Shastri etc., established the Kumaon Parishad, whose main purpose was to solve the social and economic problems of the then Uttarakhand. had to find a solution. Till 1926, this organization carried out organizational activities in Uttarakhand as a definite political objective in addition to the direction of local general reforms. * In the provincial council elections of 1923 and 1926, Gobind Ballabh Pant Hargobind Pant Mukundi Lal and Badri Dutt Pandey defeated the opposition badly. In 1926, the Kumaon Parishad was merged with the Congress.
• In 1926, Kumaon Parishad was merged with Congress. Immediately after the announcement of Simon Commission in 1927, voices started being raised against it and when the Commission reached the country in 1928, a group of 16 people under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru protested against it on 29 November 1928, on which the mounted police brutally attacked. First attacked with sticks. Due to the physical side effects of the lathi attack on Govind Ballabh Pant for saving Jawaharlal Nehru, he could not straighten his back for a long time. Tehri State merged with the Republic of India in August 1949 and Tehri was declared a district of the then United Province (Uttar Pradesh). In the backdrop of the India-China war of 1962, three frontier districts of Uttarkashi, Chamoli and Pithoragarh were formed in 1960 with a view to the development of the border areas.            
        Uttarakhand in the Middle Ages

• After Katyuri king Veer Dev, the kingdom of Katyuris was completely divided and it was divided not only under its own caste but also under some outside tribes. A large part of Garhwal passed away from the hands of Katyuris and the remaining Kumaon region was divided among six tribes. Subsequently, the Katuris kingdom was annexed by the Nepali kings Ahokchhala (1191 AD) and Karachhala Dev (1223 AD). Both these attacks proved decisive due to mutual enmity among different tribes. After that the entire empire was divided into 64 or according to some opinions 52 strongholds. The chieftains of all these forts often quarreled among themselves. In the beginning of the sixteenth century, Ajay Pal, a descendant of Kanak Pal, who was the chieftain of the Chandpur Garhi tribes, united the entire Garhwal.
• The copper plates of Pandukeshwar show that the capital of this barrage was located at Kartikeyapura in the Niti-Mana valley and further in the Katyur valley. Atkinson traced the origin of this lineage to the Kabul valley and linked them to the Katoras.
• According to Gairola and Nautiyal, the Katyuri were a small Khasa tribe that originally lived in Joshimath in the north of Garhwal and later migrated to the Katyur valley of Kumaon. The Katyuris increased their strength after the fall of the Pauravas and Tibetan invaders and became independent in the late 7th and early 8th centuries.