What do you understand by digital computer?(पहला डिजिटल कंप्यूटर का नाम क्या है?

Digital computer  What is Digital computers  Such computers use digital technology of 0 and 1. They process digital quantities that have different values. Most computers work on this method. This technique gives faster results as compared to other techniques.

 How do digital computers work? (डिजिटल कंप्यूटर कैसे काम करता हैं)

 Digital computers operate by following a set of instructions or programs. These programs are written in computer language, which is then translated into machine code that the computer can understand. The CPU then executes these instructions in a specific order, performing calculations, data storage, and data retrieval.

Digital computers use various hardware components to perform their tasks. These components include CPU, memory, input/output devices and storage devices. The CPU is the brain of the computer, which does all the calculations and data processing. Memory stores data temporarily while the computer is running, while storage devices, such as hard drives and solid-state drives, store data permanently.

Examples of digital computers(डिजिटल कंप्यूटर का उदाहरण )

1. Desktop
2. Laptop
3. Smartphone
4. Tablet
5. Calculator
6. Digital clock
7. Digital camera
8. ATM machine

What was the first digital computer (पहला डिजिटल कंप्यूटर कोन सा था)

In 1945 John Mauchly and J. ENIAC, built by Prespar Eckert, was the world's first digital computer.

Advantages of digital computers(डिजिटल कंप्यूटर के फायदे )

Computer has made human life very easy, in this era of technology many tasks are done by digital computer in minutes, hence digital computer is being used in every field, it has many benefits like working in office sitting at home. Working from home, sending online applications, studying online, storing data etc.

ill effects of digital computer (डिजिटल कंप्यूटर के दुष्परिणाम)

While digital computers have made human life easier, on the other hand it is having a very bad effect on children, children are using digital computers to play games, they spend their time playing games on digital computers for hours. Have been. Due to which the eyes of children are being adversely affected. This is the biggest side effect of digital computers in this era of technology.

History of digital computer (डिजिटल कंप्यूटर का इतिहास)

Devices have been used to aid in calculation for thousands of years, mostly using one-to-one correspondence with fingers. The earliest counting device was probably a form of tally stick. Later record-keeping aids in the Fertile Crescent included calculi (clay balls, cones, etc.), which represented counts of objects, possibly livestock or grain, sealed in hollow unbaked clay containers.

Abacus was initially used for arithmetic operations. The Roman abacus was developed from instruments used in Babylonia around 2400 BC. Since then, many other forms of calculation boards or tables have been invented. In a medieval European counting house, a checkered cloth was placed on a table, and markers moved across it according to certain rules, as an aid in counting money.

Derek J. According to De Sola Price, the Antikythera Mechanism is considered to be the earliest known mechanical analog computer. It was designed to calculate astronomical positions. It was discovered in 1901 in the Antikythera Wreck near the Greek island of Antikythera, between Kythera and Crete, and has been dated to approximately BC. 100 BC. Instruments of comparable complexity to the Antikythera mechanism would not appear again until the fourteenth century.

Many mechanical aids to calculations and measurements were constructed for astronomical and navigational use. The planisphere was a star chart invented by Abu Rayhan al-Biruni in the early 11th century The astrolabe was invented in the Hellenistic world in the 1st or 2nd century BC and is often attributed to Hipparchus. Combining the planisphere and dioptra, the Astrolabe was effectively an analog computer capable of solving many different types of problems in spherical astronomy. An astrolabe incorporating a mechanical calendar computer and gear-wheels was invented by Abi Bakr of Isfahan, Persia, in 1235. Abu Rayhan al-Biruni invented the first mechanical geared lunisolar calendar astrolabe and used early fixed – Wired Knowledge Processing Machine with a Gear Train and Gear-Wheels, c. 1000 AD

Sector, a calculating tool used to solve problems in ratio, trigonometry, multiplication and division, and for various operations such as square and cube roots, was developed in the late 16th century and was used in gunnery, surveying, and in navigation.

The planimeter was a manual instrument that calculated the area of a closed figure by tracing it with a mechanical linkage.

The slide rule was invented by the English clergyman William Oughtred around 1620–1630, shortly after the publication of the concept of logarithms. It is a hand-operated analog computer for multiplication and division. As the development of the slide rule progressed, additional scales provided transcendental functions such as inverses, squares and square roots, cubes and cube roots, as well as logarithms and exponentials, circular and hyperbolic trigonometry, and other functions. Slide rules with special scales are still used for quick performance of routine calculations, such as the E6B spherical slide rule used for calculating time and distance on light aircraft.

In the 1770s, Swiss watchmaker Pierre Jacquet-Droz created a mechanical doll (automaton) that could write by holding a quill pen. By changing the number and order of its internal wheels different characters and hence different messages can be produced. In fact, it can be mechanically "programmed" to read instructions. Along with two other complex machines, the doll is in the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire in Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and still works.

In 1831–1835, mathematician and engineer Giovanni Plana designed a perpetual calendar machine that, through a system of pulleys and cylinders, would predict the perpetual calendar for every year from 0 CE (i.e., 1 BCE) to 4000 CE. Could do it. Keeping track of leap years and different day lengths. The tide-predicting machine invented by the Scottish scientist Sir William Thomson in 1872 was very useful for navigation in shallow water. It used a system of pulleys and wires to automatically calculate the predicted tide level for a set period at a particular location.

Difference analyzer, a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration. Designed to perform integration, a wheel-and-disk mechanism is used to perform the integration. In 1876, Sir William Thomson had already discussed the possible construction of such a calculator, but he was hampered by the limited output torque of ball-and-disk integrators.In a differential analyzer, the output of one integrator drives the input of the next integrator, or graphing output. The torque amplifier was the advance that allowed these machines to work. In the early 1920s, Vannevar Bush and others developed mechanical differential analyzers.