Saddam Hussein al-Majid al- Tikriti was the former President of Iraq. He was made President of Iraq in 1979 and wielded powerful powers in his early years as Prime Minister. He adopted harsh measures to neutralize his political rivals and used brutality against those who opposed his path to power. He faced the US UN-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. His government was toppled by US forces in 2003 and he was later captured and punished for his fascist actions. He was hanged for fascism in 2006.
Early life and education
Saddam Hussein was born on 28 April 1937 in Baija, Iraq. His full name was Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid altikriti. His father was a middle-class farmer and lived in poverty since childhood.
Saddam's education was compromised due to his family's financial condition. He received his early education from a school located in Tikrit village of Baghdad. He later studied at the then Government School in Tikrit village of Baghdad and then he continued his education at the Baghdad Law Training School.
Saddam's level of education was relatively modest, but he developed his political and social beliefs later.
rise to power
Saddam Hussein ended a crisis with the Ba'ath Party in Iraq in 1968. He was made President of Iraq in 1979 and from that time his power increased. He adopted many harsh and authoritarian policies during his tenure as Prime Minister and President, which strengthened his power. Their political system was highly controlling and bureaucratic, giving them complete control of the state. His political regime was associated with numerous criminal activities and allegations of human rights abuses.
Paramilitary and police organization
During Saddam Hussein's reign, he established several paramilitary and police organization to secure his power. There were mainly two organization among these organization:
- Saddam's Guards: This organization was a group of Saddam's special guards, who were responsible for his security.
- Mukhabarat: This was Iraq's intelligence service, which collected political and security information and helped in the continuation of Saddam's rule.
Apart from these organization, he established many other security and spy organization which helped him maintain his power.
Vice presidency (1968–1979)
Saddam Hussein came to power in Iraq in 1968 as one of the co-founders of the Baath Party. He played an important role as the Vice President of Iraq from 1968 to 1979. During this period, he consolidated the power of the Baath Party and increased his official authority. He implemented various harsh policies as his Prime Minister and President, which strengthened his power. During this period his political experience increased and he advanced to higher positions in the leadership of Iraq.
Presidency (1979–2003)
Saddam Hussein assumed the office of President of Iraq in 1979. His stay in this post lasted until 2003, when US forces invaded Iraq and recovered him.
During Saddam Hussein's reign, he provided Iraq with a dictatorial and harsh regime. He consolidated his official power and used ruthless measures to brutally crush his opponents. During his reign, many controversies and terrorist attacks took place in Iraq, due to which he was disregarded by the world community.
He also made many international relations during his reign, but he ignored most of the messages and relations of the United Nations. Iraq's economy grew during his reign, but his authoritarian and harsh governance system caused many international controversies.
2003 invasion and Iraq War
In 2003, the United States invaded Iraq, leading to the Iraq War. The attack was based on arguments such as "rights trading" and "doubt over Saddam's existence".
The US UN forces called this invasion an "official invasion", the main objective of which was to topple Saddam Hussein's expansionist regime and prove his innocence or doubt of his existence.
Many other countries also participated in this war along with America, which included Britain, Australia, and Poland. After this invasion, Saddam Hussein's government fell and the US military established its official power in Iraq.
tests
On June 30, 2004, Saddam Hussein, detained by US forces at the US base "Camp Cropper", was handed over to the interim Iraqi government along with 11 other senior warishth leaders to stand trial for crimes against humanity and other crimes. Crimes.
A few weeks later, he was charged by the Iraqi Special Tribunal with crimes committed against the residents of Du jeil in 1982, following a failed assassination attempt against them. Specific allegations included the killing of 148 people, torture of women and children, and illegal arrest of 399 others. There were several challenges to the trial: Saddam and his lawyers are contesting the court's authority, saying he is still Iraq's president.
The murders and attempted murders of several of Saddam's lawyers.
Replacement of the chief presiding judge midway through the trial.
On November 5, 2006, Saddam was found guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced to death. Saddam's half-brother, Bar zan Ibrahim, and Awad Hamid al-Bandar, the head of Iraq's Revolutionary Court in 1982, were convicted on similar charges. Both the verdict and sentence were appealed, but later affirmed by the Supreme Court of Appeals of Iraq.
execution
To ana lyze Saddam Hussein's implementation, we have to look at many aspects of his reign. Their governance systems, political policies, social and economic changes, security situation, and international relations may be key aspects of their implementation.
During his reign, he adopted many harsh policies and procedures to strengthen his official power. The main policies enacted under his rule included Ba'ath Party authoritarianism, nationalization, and anti-Americi
To gain more insight into their implementation, we will need to study their political decisions, state of the economy, social changes, and international plans in depth.
Personal life and family
Saddam Hussein's personal life and family were also an important aspect. He shared his childhood experiences several times, including his family and social messages.
Saddam Hussein's family and his associates played an important role in political and social situations. His family and his married life were established, and he took many steps to protect and preserve his family.
Special study may be necessary to find out the names of their family members, more details about them, and other aspects of their family life.
philanthropy
There are various views about Saddam Hussein's philanthropy. Some believe that his rule promoted social and economic development in Iraq, such as improvements in education and health services. He managed Iraq's energy resources and established many modern infrastructures and industries.
However, others believe that his rule was ill-fated and tyrannical. He was charged with brutally neutralizing his rivals. His government was characterized by a willingness to seek political change, in which opposition forces were repressed through prison or even murder.
Therefore, analysis of Saddam Hussein's philanthropy is controversial and based on There are different views.
Honours and awards
In 1991, the Iraqi government awarded Saddam the Rafidain Medal, also known as the Order of the Two Rivers, in recognition of his "historic role" and "great services to Iraq", the country's highest civilian award. There is respect. The announcement was made after a cabinet meeting, and Information Minister Hamid Youssef Hummadi said the decision was taken unanimously. The award was given to Saddam Hussein during his 54th birthday, in appreciation of his extraordinary contributions and significant impact on Iraq.
He was awarded titles such as "Field Marshal" and "Comrade". Saddam Hussein is one of the recipients of the key to the city. In 1980, Saddam Hussein was awarded the key to the city of Detroit after donating nearly half a million dollars to a church in downtown Detroit. The Ba'ath government led by Saddam Hussein successfully transformed Iraq into a leading center for health care and education. This improved the quality of life in Iraq. For improving the quality of life of Iraqis, Saddam was awarded a UNESCO award.
Saddam received several medals, which were displayed in a museum in Johannesburg, South Africa. He received the Order of Merit (Wism all-Jadara), which is rare and was awarded only to a few Iraqi rulers. Saddam Hussein was awarded the Order of the Mother of Battle for his role in the 1991 Gulf War against Kuwait and the United States. Saddam received medals for his actions in the 1948–'49 Palestinian war, suppressing the Kurdish rebellion, the revolutions of 1963 and 1968, cooperation with Syria, peace in the 1970s, and the 1973 war with Israel.
Welcome and heritage
Saddam Hussein's legacy and reception were also controversial. During his reign, he created a personality cult for his supporters in which he was seen as a god. His government certified him as a national hero and he was praised. His portraits and posters were common in the homes of his countrymen, and were held in various places to rally support by his supporters against him.
However, after his reign, when he was deposed and recovered, So his legacy gradually changed. A number of serious charges were brought against them, including human rights abuses, torture, and other serious crimes. The picture of his legacy is now surrounded by controversy after his reign.
List of government and party positions held
He held the position of President of Iraq during the reign of Saddam Hussein, which lasted from 1979 to 2003. There were many important positions and organization in his government, which included important members of the Ba'ath Party and government officials in many places.
Here is a general list of some of the important positions that were important during Saddam Hussein's regime:
1. Prime Minister
2. Deputy Prime Minister
3. Defense Minister
4. Foreign Minister
5. Minister of Space and Science
6. Economic Minister
7. Education Minister
8. Agriculture Minister
9. Members of the Constituent Assembly
10. Military Chiefs
In addition, his government also had several organization and commissions, in which Ba'ath Party and government officials were appointed.
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