It is the supreme legislation of India which was passed by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950. This day was declared as the Indian Constitution on 26th November. Whereas it is celebrated as 26th January.
Constituent Assembly(सविधान सभा)
Elections for the Indian Constituent Assembly were held in July 1946. The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held in December 1946. After which the country was immediately divided into two parts Indian Constitution Constituent Assembly of Pakistan!
The assembly that wrote the Indian Constituent Assembly had 299 members whose president was Dr. Rajendra Prasad. The Constituent Assembly completed its work on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950. In memory of this day, 26th January is celebrated as Republic Day. It took 2 years, 11 months and 18 days to form the Constituent Assembly.
Introduction(परिचय )
At present the Indian Constitution has only 470 articles and 12 schedules and these are divided into 25 parts. But for its creation, the original Constitution had 295 articles which were divided into 22 parts. There were only 8 schedules in it. Parliamentary form of government has been provided in the Constitution, whose structure is federal except for a few exceptions. The constitutional head of the central executive is the President. According to Article 79 of the Constitution of India, the Council of the Union Parliament consists of the President and two Houses, who will be the Prime Minister of the State. The President will perform his functions as per the advice of this Council of Ministers.
Thus the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister who is currently Narendra Modi.
History of the Constitution of India(भारत के सविधान का इतिहास)
After the end of the Second World War, in July 1945, Britain announced its policy regarding India and sent a Cabinet Mission to India, which included 3 ministers, for the formation of the Constituent Assembly of India. After India became independent on 15 August 1947, the work of the Constituent Assembly was started on 9 December 1947. The members of the Constituent Assembly were elected by the elected members of the Assemblies of the States of India. Jawahar Lal Nehru Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Dr. Rajendra Prasad Sardar Ballabh Bhai Patel, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad etc. were prominent members of this meeting. This Constituent Assembly discussed a total of 114 days for 2 years, 11 months, 18 days. A total of 12 sessions were held in the Constituent Assembly. 284 members signed it. The Constituent Assembly met for 166 days. The public and the press were allowed to participate in its meeting. Constitution of India 389 members played an important role in the formation of the Assembly. It was passed on 26 November 1949 and implemented on 26 January 1950. The Government of India Act 1935 has the greatest influence in this Constituent Assembly.
Research(संशोधन)
The process of changing, improving or making the bill innocent is called amendment. This word is also used for the process of refining the proposal of the assembly or committee. No matter how carefully the constitution of any country is made, there are limits to man's imagination. He cannot imagine all the circumstances that will come and change in the future during the making of the Constitution; Due to complexities of international circumstances, it becomes desirable and necessary to amend and change the Constitution.
The process of constitutional amendment has been considered an essential part of the written Constitution. In the words of Garner 'any written constitution is incomplete without such provisions'. The criterion to judge the merits of the Constitution is also the process of amendment – whether the process is easy or rigorous. Amendment of the Constitution of some countries is done only according to the ordinary process of law making. Such constitutions are called flexible or simple constitutions. The best example of this type of constitution is the Constitution of England. A specific procedure is followed for the process of amendment of some constitutions. This process is complex and difficult. Such constitutions are called complex or rigid constitutions. The Constitution of the United States of America is the best example of such constitutions. The amendment of the Indian Republic Constitution is partly a flexible and partly inflexible process. Adoption of these two methods will nourish the fundamental principles of the country and will also give inspiration to the Constitution to evolve as per the circumstances.
So far 105 amendments have been made in the Indian Constitution(भारतीय सविधान में अब तक 105 संशोधन किए गए हैं)
The first amendment was made in 1950(पहला संशोधन 1950 में हुआ था!)
Under this amendment, states were given powers to make special provisions for the advancement of people belonging to socially and economically backward classes. Arrangements for property acquisition etc. were made to protect the law! Other laws related to land reforms and judicial review were included in the Ninth Schedule. ranked in
105th Constituent Amendment Act(105 वें सावेधानिक संशोधन अधिनियम)
Restored the power of state governments to prepare lists of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBCs). The 105th Amendment of the Indian Constitution also states that the powers and responsibilities of the National Commission for Backward Classes (advice on all policy issues and respect) do not apply to independent state lists. It indicated that states were not required to consult the National Commission. To restore this power, the 105th Constitutional Amendment Act was passed.
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